Vocab 3&4 | Autumns

Vocab 3 & 4

Archaeology - the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.
Capitol - forms the topmost member of a column (or pilaster).
Relief Sculpture - is any work which projects from but which belongs to the wall, or other type of background surface, on which it is carved.
Tholos Tomb - is a burial structure characterized by its false dome created by the superposition of successively smaller rings of mudbricks or, more often, stones.
Cornice - an ornamental molding around the wall of a room just below the ceiling.
Cuneiform - denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.
Cromlech - a megalithic tomb consisting of a large flat stone laid on upright ones or a circle of standing stones.
Stele/Stelai - an upright stone slab or pillar bearing an inscription or design andserving as a monument, marker, or the like.
Acropolis - a citadel or fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically built on a hill.
Entablature - a horizontal, continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
Cylinder Seal - a small, barrel-shaped stone object with a hole down the center and an incised design or cuneiform inscription. It was originally rolled on clay when soft to indicate ownership or to authenticate a document and was used chiefly in Mesopotamia from the late 4th to the 1st millennium BC.
Henge - a prehistoric monument consisting of a circle of stone or wooden uprights.
Ziggurat - (in ancient Mesopotamia) a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple. Ziggurats are first attested in the late 3rd millennium BC and probably inspired the biblical story of the Tower of Babel (Gen. 11:1–9).
Amphora - a tall ancient Greek or Roman jar with two handles and a narrow neck.
Frieze - a horizontal paper strip mounted on a wall to give a similar effect.
Façade - the face of a building, especially the principal front that looks onto a street or open space.
Megalith - a large stone that forms a prehistoric monument (e.g., a menhir) or part of one (e.g., a stone circle or chamber tomb).
Corbel Arch - is an arch-like construction method that uses the architectural technique of corbeling to span a space or void in a structure, such as an entranceway in a wall or as the span of a bridge.
Architrave - (in classical architecture) a main beam resting across the tops of columns, specifically the lower third entablature.
Kiln - a furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, especially one for calcining lime or firing pottery.
Ground Plan - the plan of a building at ground level as imagined seen from above.
Menhir - a tall upright stone of a kind erected in prehistoric times in western Europe.
Cyclopean Masonry - is a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar.
Canon - a collection or list of sacred books accepted as genuine.
Kylix - an ancient Greek cup with a shallow bowl and a tall stem.
Lamassu - is an Assyrian protective deity, often depicted with a bull or lion's body, eagle's wings, and human's head.
Mortise-and-tenon - has been used for thousands of years by woodworkers around the world to join pieces of wood, mainly when the adjoining pieces connect at an angle of 90°.
Fresco - a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.
Caryatid/Atlantid - is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.
Metope - a square space between triglyphs in a Doric frieze.
Negative Space - the space that surrounds an object in a image.
Post-and-lintel - is system with a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts.
Megaron - is the great hall of the Grecian palace complexes.
Cella - the inner area of an ancient temple, especially one housing the hidden cult image in a Greek or Roman temple.
Mosaic - of or associated with Moses.
Apadana - is a large hypostyle hall, the best known examples being the great audience hall and portico at Persepolis and the palace of Susa.
Capital - forms the topmost member of a column (or pilaster).
Repousse - (of metalwork) hammered into relief from the reverse side
Contrapposto - an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs.
Pediment - the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.
Propylaeum - the structure forming the entrance to a temple.
Peristyle - a row of columns surrounding a space within a building such as a court or internal garden or edging a veranda or porch.
Shaft - a long, narrow part or section forming the handle of a tool or club, the body of a spear or arrow, or a similar implement
Triglyph - a tablet in a Doric frieze with three vertical grooves. Triglyphs alternate with metopes.
Necropolis - a cemetery, especially a large one belonging to an ancient city.
Stucco - ine plaster used for coating wall surfaces or molding into architectural decorations.
Terracotta - unglazed, typically brownish-red earthenware, used chiefly as an ornamental building material and in modeling.
Tumulus - an ancient burial mound; a barrow.
Aqueduct - an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley.
Ashlar Masonry - either an individual stone that has been worked until squared or the masonry built of such stone.
Atrium - an open-roofed entrance hall or central court in an ancient Roman house.
Basilica - a large oblong hall or building with double colonnades and a semicircular apse, used in ancient Rome as a court of law or for public assemblies.
Bust - a sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest.
Coffer - a recessed panel in a ceiling.
Cubilicum - a burial chamber, as in catacombs
Cupola - a small dome, especially a small dome on a drum on top of a larger dome, adorning a roof or ceiling.
Encaustic - using pigments mixed with hot wax that are burned in as an inlay
Foreshortening - portray or show (an object or view) as closer than it is or as having less depth or distance, as an effect of perspective or the angle of vision.
Forum - a place, meeting, or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged.
Impluvium - is the sunken part of the atrium in a Greek or Roman house (domus).
Keystone - a central stone at the summit of an arch, locking the whole together.
Oculus - a round or eyelike opening or design, in particular.
Coffered Vault - is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault.
Perspective - the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point.
Pier - a solid support designed to sustain vertical pressure, in particular.
Spandrel - the almost triangular space between one side of the outer curve of an arch, a wall, and the ceiling or framework.
Vault - a roof in the form of an arch or a series of arches, typical of churches and other large, formal buildings.
Barrel Vault - a vault forming a half cylinder.
Groined Vault - is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance.
Veristic - (of art or literature) extremely or strictly naturalistic.

Vocab 3 & 4

Archaeology - the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.

Capitol - forms the topmost member of a column (or pilaster).

Relief Sculpture - is any work which projects from but which belongs to the wall, or other type of background surface, on which it is carved.

Tholos Tomb - is a burial structure characterized by its false dome created by the superposition of successively smaller rings of mudbricks or, more often, stones.

Cornice - an ornamental molding around the wall of a room just below the ceiling.

Cuneiform - denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.

Cromlech - a megalithic tomb consisting of a large flat stone laid on upright ones or a circle of standing stones.

Stele/Stelai - an upright stone slab or pillar bearing an inscription or design andserving as a monument, marker, or the like.

Acropolis - a citadel or fortified part of an ancient Greek city, typically built on a hill.

Entablature - a horizontal, continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Henge - a prehistoric monument consisting of a circle of stone or wooden uprights.

Ziggurat - (in ancient Mesopotamia) a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple. Ziggurats are first attested in the late 3rd millennium BC and probably inspired the biblical story of the Tower of Babel (Gen. 11:1–9).

Amphora - a tall ancient Greek or Roman jar with two handles and a narrow neck.

Frieze - a horizontal paper strip mounted on a wall to give a similar effect.

Façade - the face of a building, especially the principal front that looks onto a street or open space.

Megalith - a large stone that forms a prehistoric monument (e.g., a menhir) or part of one (e.g., a stone circle or chamber tomb).

Corbel Arch - is an arch-like construction method that uses the architectural technique of corbeling to span a space or void in a structure, such as an entranceway in a wall or as the span of a bridge.

Architrave - (in classical architecture) a main beam resting across the tops of columns, specifically the lower third entablature.

Kiln - a furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, especially one for calcining lime or firing pottery.

Ground Plan - the plan of a building at ground level as imagined seen from above.

Menhir - a tall upright stone of a kind erected in prehistoric times in western Europe.

Cyclopean Masonry - is a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar.

Canon - a collection or list of sacred books accepted as genuine.

Kylix - an ancient Greek cup with a shallow bowl and a tall stem.

Lamassu - is an Assyrian protective deity, often depicted with a bull or lion's body, eagle's wings, and human's head.

Mortise-and-tenon - has been used for thousands of years by woodworkers around the world to join pieces of wood, mainly when the adjoining pieces connect at an angle of 90°.

Fresco - a painting done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling, so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.

Caryatid/Atlantid - is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

Metope - a square space between triglyphs in a Doric frieze.

Negative Space - the space that surrounds an object in a image.

Post-and-lintel - is system with a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts.

Megaron - is the great hall of the Grecian palace complexes.

Cella - the inner area of an ancient temple, especially one housing the hidden cult image in a Greek or Roman temple.

Mosaic - of or associated with Moses.

Apadana - is a large hypostyle hall, the best known examples being the great audience hall and portico at Persepolis and the palace of Susa.

Capital - forms the topmost member of a column (or pilaster).

Repousse - (of metalwork) hammered into relief from the reverse side

Contrapposto - an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs.

Pediment - the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.

Propylaeum - the structure forming the entrance to a temple.

Peristyle - a row of columns surrounding a space within a building such as a court or internal garden or edging a veranda or porch.

Shaft - a long, narrow part or section forming the handle of a tool or club, the body of a spear or arrow, or a similar implement

Triglyph - a tablet in a Doric frieze with three vertical grooves. Triglyphs alternate with metopes.

Necropolis - a cemetery, especially a large one belonging to an ancient city.

Stucco - ine plaster used for coating wall surfaces or molding into architectural decorations.

Terracotta - unglazed, typically brownish-red earthenware, used chiefly as an ornamental building material and in modeling.

Tumulus - an ancient burial mound; a barrow.

Aqueduct - an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley.

Ashlar Masonry - either an individual stone that has been worked until squared or the masonry built of such stone.

Atrium - an open-roofed entrance hall or central court in an ancient Roman house.

Basilica - a large oblong hall or building with double colonnades and a semicircular apse, used in ancient Rome as a court of law or for public assemblies.

Bust - a sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest.

Coffer - a recessed panel in a ceiling.

Cubilicum - a burial chamber, as in catacombs

Cupola - a small dome, especially a small dome on a drum on top of a larger dome, adorning a roof or ceiling.

Encaustic - using pigments mixed with hot wax that are burned in as an inlay

Foreshortening - portray or show (an object or view) as closer than it is or as having less depth or distance, as an effect of perspective or the angle of vision.

Forum - a place, meeting, or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged.

Impluvium - is the sunken part of the atrium in a Greek or Roman house (domus).

Keystone - a central stone at the summit of an arch, locking the whole together.

Oculus - a round or eyelike opening or design, in particular.

Coffered Vault - is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault.

Perspective - the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point.

Pier - a solid support designed to sustain vertical pressure, in particular.

Spandrel - the almost triangular space between one side of the outer curve of an arch, a wall, and the ceiling or framework.

Vault - a roof in the form of an arch or a series of arches, typical of churches and other large, formal buildings.

Barrel Vault - a vault forming a half cylinder.

Groined Vault - is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance.

Veristic - (of art or literature) extremely or strictly naturalistic.